Spring WS - 快速指南

---

Spring WS - 概述

Spring Web Services（Spring-WS）是Spring社区开发的项目之一。其主要重点是创建文档驱动的 Web 服务。Spring Web Services 项目促进了契约优先的SOAP 服务开发，提供了多种创建灵活 Web 服务的方法，这些服务可以通过多种方式操作 XML 有效负载。

Spring Web 服务无缝地使用依赖注入和配置等 Spring 概念。Spring-WS需要Spring 3.0版本。在契约优先开发中，我们从WSDL 契约开始，然后使用 JAVA 来实现所需的契约。

与 JAVA 接口生成 WSDL/XSD 合同的合同最后方法相反。在契约优先方法中，基于 WSDL 的契约仍然独立于 JAVA 实现。如果我们需要更改 JAVA 接口，则无需将现有 WSDL 契约中所做的更改传达给 Web 服务用户。Spring-WS 旨在提供 WSDL 契约与其基于 JAVA 的实现之间的松散耦合。

特征

以下是 Spring Web 服务的功能 -

• XML 映射到对象- 基于 XML 的请求可以使用存储在消息有效负载、SOAP 操作标头中的信息或使用 XPath 表达式映射到任何对象。

• 解析 XML 的多个 API 支持- 除了解析传入 XML 请求的标准 JAXP API（DOM、SAX、StAX）之外，还支持其他库，如 JDOM、dom4j、XOM。

• 用于编组 XML 的多个 API 支持- Spring Web Services 使用其对象/XML 映射模块支持 JAXB 1 和 2、Castor、XMLBeans、JiBX 和 XStream 库。对象/XML 映射模块也可用于非 Web 服务代码。

• 基于 Spring 的配置- Spring Web 服务使用 Spring 应用程序上下文进行配置，其架构与 Spring Web MVC 类似。

• 集成 WS-Security 模块- 使用 WS-Security 模块，您可以对 SOAP 消息进行签名、加密、解密或对其进行身份验证。

• 支持 Acegi 安全性- 使用 Spring Web 服务的 WS-Security 实现，Acegi 配置可用于您的 SOAP 服务。

建筑学

Spring-WS项目由五个主要模块组成，解释如下。

• Spring-WS Core - 它是主要模块，提供WebServiceMessage和SoapMessage等中央接口、服务器端框架、强大的消息调度功能和支持类来实现 Web 服务端点。它还提供 Web 服务消费者客户端作为WebServiceTemplate。

• Spring-WS 支持- 该模块提供对 JMS、电子邮件等的支持。

• Spring-WS Security - 该模块负责提供与核心 Web 服务模块集成的 WS-Security 实现。使用此模块，我们可以添加主体令牌、签名、加密和解密 SOAP 消息。该模块允许使用现有的 Spring Security 实现进行身份验证和授权。

• Spring XML - 该模块为 Spring Web 服务提供 XML 支持类。该模块由 Spring-WS 框架内部使用。

• Spring OXM - 该模块提供 XML 与对象映射的支持类。

Spring WS - 环境设置

在本章中，我们将了解在基于 Windows 和 Linux 的系统上设置 Spring-WS 的过程。只需几个简单的步骤，Spring-WS 就可以轻松安装并与您当前的Java 环境和MAVEN集成，无需任何复杂的设置过程。安装时需要用户管理。

系统要求

下表列出了系统要求，后续步骤将指导我们完成环境设置过程。

现在让我们继续安装 Spring-WS 的步骤。

第 1 步：验证 Java 安装

首先，您需要在系统上安装 Java 软件开发工具包 (SDK)。要验证这一点，请根据您正在使用的平台执行以下两个命令中的任意一个。

如果 Java 安装已正确完成，那么它将显示 Java 安装的当前版本和规范。下表给出了示例输出。

• 我们假设本教程的读者在其系统上安装了 Java SDK 版本 1.7.0_60。

• 如果您没有 Java SDK，请从https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html下载其当前版本并进行安装。

第 2 步：设置 Java 环境

将环境变量JAVA_HOME设置为指向计算机上安装 Java 的基本目录位置。

将 Java 编译器位置的完整路径附加到系统路径。

如上所述，从命令提示符处执行命令java -version 。

第 3 步：下载 Maven 存档

从https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi下载 Maven 3.3.3

第 4 步：提取 Maven 存档

将存档解压到您想要安装 Maven 3.3.3 的目录。将从存档中创建子目录 apache-maven-3.3.3。

第5步：设置Maven环境变量

将 M2_HOME、M2 和 MAVEN_OPTS 添加到环境变量中。

第6步：将Maven bin目录位置添加到系统路径

现在将 M2 变量附加到系统路径。

第 7 步：验证 Maven 安装

现在打开控制台，执行以下mvn命令。

最后，验证上述命令的输出，应该如下所示 -

第 8 步：设置 Eclipse IDE

本教程中的所有示例都是使用 Eclipse IDE 编写的。建议读者在自己的计算机上安装最新版本的 Eclipse。要安装 Eclipse IDE，请从以下链接下载最新的 Eclipse 二进制文件https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/。下载安装后，将二进制发行版解压到一个方便的位置。

例如，在Windows 上的C:\eclipse中，或在 Linux/Unix 上的/usr/local/eclipse中，最后适当地设置 PATH 变量。可以通过在 Windows 计算机上执行以下命令来启动 Eclipse，也可以直接双击 eclipse.exe。

%C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe

可以通过在 UNIX（Solaris、Linux 等）机器上执行以下命令来启动 Eclipse -

$/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse

成功启动后，如果一切正常，那么它应该显示以下屏幕 -

第 9 步：设置 Apache Tomcat

我们可以从https://tomcat.apache.org/下载最新版本的 Tomcat 。下载安装后，将二进制发行版解压到一个方便的位置。例如，在Windows 计算机上的C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.59中，或在 Linux/Unix 计算机上的/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.59中，然后将CATALINA_HOME环境变量设置为指向安装地点。

Tomcat可以通过在windows机器上执行以下命令来启动，也可以直接双击startup.bat

%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\startup.bat
 
or
 
C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.59\bin\startup.bat

Tomcat 可以通过在 UNIX（Solaris、Linux 等）机器上执行以下命令来启动 -

$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
 
or
 
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.59/bin/startup.sh

成功启动后，可以通过访问http://localhost:8080/ 来使用 Tomcat 附带的默认 Web 应用程序。如果一切正常，那么它应该显示以下屏幕 -

有关配置和运行 Tomcat 的更多信息可以在此处包含的文档以及 Tomcat 网站上找到 - https://tomcat.apache.org

可以通过在 Windows 计算机上执行以下命令来停止 Tomcat -

%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\shutdown

or

C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.59\bin\shutdown

可以通过在 UNIX（Solaris、Linux 等）机器上执行以下命令来停止 Tomcat -

$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh

or

/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.59/bin/shutdown.sh

完成最后一步后，我们就准备好继续第一个 Web 服务示例，我们将在下一章中讨论该示例。

Spring WS - 第一个应用程序

让我们开始使用 Spring-WS 框架编写一个实际的基于 SOAP 的 Web 服务。在开始使用 Spring-WS 框架编写第一个示例之前，我们必须确保 Spring-WS 环境已正确设置，如Spring Web 服务 - 环境设置一章中所述。我们假设读者对 Eclipse IDE 有一些基本的使用知识。

因此，让我们继续编写一个简单的 Spring WS 应用程序，它将公开一个 Web 服务方法来在 HR 门户中预订休假。

合同优先的方法

Spring-WS 使用契约优先的方法，这意味着我们应该在编写任何基于 JAVA 的实现代码之前准备好XML 结构。我们正在定义一个 LeaveRequest 对象，它有子对象 – Leave 和 Employee。

以下是所需的 XML 结构 -

离开.xml

<Leave xmlns = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas">
   <StartDate>2016-07-03</StartDate>
   <EndDate>2016-07-07</EndDate>
</Leave>

员工.xml

<Employee xmlns = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas">
   <Number>404</Number>
   <FirstName>Mahesh</FirstName>
   <LastName>Parashar</LastName>
</Employee>

离开请求.xml

<LeaveRequest xmlns = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas">
   <Leave>
      <StartDate>2016-07-03</StartDate>
      <EndDate>2016-07-07</EndDate>
   </Leave>
   
   <Employee>
      <Number>404</Number>
      <FirstName>Mahesh</FirstName>
      <LastName>Parashar</LastName>
   </Employee>
</LeaveRequest>

hr.xsd

<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   xmlns:hr = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas"
   elementFormDefault = "qualified"
   targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas">
   
   <xs:element name = "LeaveRequest">
      <xs:complexType>
         <xs:all>
            <xs:element name = "Leave" type = "hr:LeaveType"/>
            <xs:element name = "Employee" type = "hr:EmployeeType"/>
         </xs:all>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>
   
   <xs:complexType name = "LeaveType">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name = "StartDate" type = "xs:date"/>
         <xs:element name = "EndDate" type = "xs:date"/>
      </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>
   
   <xs:complexType name = "EmployeeType">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name = "Number" type = "xs:integer"/>
         <xs:element name = "FirstName" type = "xs:string"/>
         <xs:element name = "LastName" type = "xs:string"/>
      </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

创建项目

现在让我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\MVN 目录并执行以下mvn命令。

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId = org.springframework.ws
-DarchetypeArtifactId = spring-ws-archetype -DgroupId = com.tutorialspoint.hr
-DartifactId = leaveService

Maven 将开始处理并创建完整的 Java 应用程序项目结构。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.tutorialspoint.hr
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = leaveService
Define value for property 'version':  1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
[INFO] Using property: package = com.tutorialspoint.hr
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.tutorialspoint.hr
artifactId: leaveService
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.tutorialspoint.hr
 Y: :
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype:
 spring-ws-archetype:2.0.0-M1
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.tutorialspoint.hr
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.tutorialspoint.hr
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.tutorialspoint.hr
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: leaveService
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\mvn
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\mvn\leaveService
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 35.989 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-01-21T11:18:31+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/178M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在转到C:/MVN目录。我们将看到创建了一个名为leaveService的java应用程序项目（如artifactId中指定的）。更新 pom.xml 并在以下文件夹中添加 HumanResourceService.java 和 HumanResourceServiceImpl.java - C:\MVN\leaveService\src\main\java\com\tutorialspoint\hr\service 文件夹。完成后，将 LeaveEndpoint.java 添加到以下文件夹 - C:\MVN\leaveService\src\main\java\com\tutorialspoint\hr\ws 文件夹中。

pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint.hr</groupId>
   <artifactId>leaveService</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>leaveService Spring-WS Application</name>
   <url>http://www.springframework.org/spring-ws</url>
   
   <build>
      <finalName>leaveService</finalName>
   </build>
   
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.ws</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-ws-core</artifactId>
         <version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jdom</groupId>
         <artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
         <version>1.0</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jaxen</groupId>
         <artifactId>jaxen</artifactId>
         <version>1.1</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>wsdl4j</groupId>
         <artifactId>wsdl4j</artifactId>
         <version>1.6.2</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

人力资源服务.java

package com.tutorialspoint.hr.service;

import java.util.Date;

public interface HumanResourceService {
   void bookLeave(Date startDate, Date endDate, String name);
}

HumanResourceServiceImpl.java

package com.tutorialspoint.hr.service;

import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HumanResourceServiceImpl implements HumanResourceService {
   public void bookLeave(Date startDate, Date endDate, String name) {
      System.out.println("Booking holiday for [" + startDate + "-" + endDate + "]
         for [" + name + "] ");
   }
}

LeaveEndpoint.java

package com.tutorialspoint.hr.ws;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.Endpoint;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.PayloadRoot;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.RequestPayload;

import com.tutorialspoint.hr.service.HumanResourceService;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.Namespace;
import org.jdom.xpath.XPath;

@Endpoint
public class LeaveEndpoint {
   private static final String NAMESPACE_URI = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas";
   private XPath startDateExpression;
   private XPath endDateExpression;
   private XPath nameExpression;
   private HumanResourceService humanResourceService;

   @Autowired
   public LeaveEndpoint(HumanResourceService humanResourceService) throws JDOMException {
      this.humanResourceService = humanResourceService;

      Namespace namespace = Namespace.getNamespace("hr", NAMESPACE_URI);

      startDateExpression = XPath.newInstance("//hr:StartDate");
      startDateExpression.addNamespace(namespace);

      endDateExpression = XPath.newInstance("//hr:EndDate");
      endDateExpression.addNamespace(namespace);

      nameExpression = XPath.newInstance("concat(//hr:FirstName,' ',//hr:LastName)");
      nameExpression.addNamespace(namespace);
   }

   @PayloadRoot(namespace = NAMESPACE_URI, localPart = "LeaveRequest")                  
   public void handleLeaveRequest(@RequestPayload Element leaveRequest) throws Exception {
      SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
      Date startDate = dateFormat.parse(startDateExpression.valueOf(leaveRequest));
      Date endDate = dateFormat.parse(endDateExpression.valueOf(leaveRequest));
      String name = nameExpression.valueOf(leaveRequest);

      humanResourceService.bookLeave(startDate, endDate, name);
   }
}	

/WEB-INF/spring-ws-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:sws = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services/web-services-2.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:component-scan base-package = "com.tutorialspoint.hr"/>
   <bean id = "humanResourceService"
      class = "com.tutorialspoint.hr.service.HumanResourceServiceImpl" />
   <sws:annotation-driven/>

   <sws:dynamic-wsdl id = "leave"
      portTypeName = "HumanResource"
      locationUri = "/leaveService/"
      targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/definitions">
      <sws:xsd location = "/WEB-INF/hr.xsd"/>
   </sws:dynamic-wsdl>
</beans>

/WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
   version = "2.4">

   <display-name>TutorialsPoint HR Leave Service</display-name>
   <servlet>
      <servlet-name>spring-ws</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>
         org.springframework.ws.transport.http.MessageDispatcherServlet
      </servlet-class>
      <init-param>
         <param-name>transformWsdlLocations</param-name>
         <param-value>true</param-value>
      </init-param>
   </servlet>

   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>spring-ws</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

/WEB-INF/hr.xsd

<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   xmlns:hr = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas"
   elementFormDefault = "qualified"
   targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas">

   <xs:element name = "LeaveRequest">
      <xs:complexType>
         <xs:all>
            <xs:element name = "Leave" type = "hr:LeaveType"/>
            <xs:element name = "Employee" type = "hr:EmployeeType"/>
         </xs:all>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>

   <xs:complexType name = "LeaveType">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name = "StartDate" type = "xs:date"/>
         <xs:element name = "EndDate" type = "xs:date"/>
      </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

   <xs:complexType name = "EmployeeType">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name = "Number" type = "xs:integer"/>
         <xs:element name = "FirstName" type = "xs:string"/>
         <xs:element name = "LastName" type = "xs:string"/>
      </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

构建项目

现在让我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\MVN\leaveService 目录并执行以下mvn命令。

C:\MVN\leaveService>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建项目。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building leaveService Spring-WS Application 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ leaveService ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\mvn\leaveService\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ leaveServi
ce ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ leaveService --
-
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b
uild is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 3 source files to C:\mvn\leaveService\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ le
aveService ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\mvn\leaveService\src\test\resource
s
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ leaveSe
rvice ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ leaveService ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) @ leaveService ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [leaveService] in [C:\mvn\leaveService\target\leaveServ
ice]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [C:\mvn\leaveService\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [7159 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\mvn\leaveService\target\leaveService.war
[INFO] WEB-INF\web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 19.667 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-01-21T11:56:43+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 18M/173M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

在 Eclipse 中导入项目

按照下面给出的步骤将项目导入 Eclipse 中。

• 打开 Eclipse。

• 选择文件 → 导入 →选项。

• 选择 Maven 项目选项。单击“下一步”按钮。

• 选择项目位置，其中leaveService项目是使用Maven创建的。

• 单击完成按钮。

运行项目

创建源文件和配置文件后，导出应用程序。右键单击该应用程序，使用 Export → WAR File 选项并将 leftService.war 文件保存在 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夹中。

启动 Tomcat 服务器并确保我们能够使用标准浏览器从 webapps 文件夹访问其他网页。尝试访问 URL – http://localhost:8080/leaveService/leave.wsdl，如果 Spring Web 应用程序一切正常，我们应该看到以下屏幕。

Spring WS - 静态 WSDL

在上一章Spring -WS - 第一个应用程序中，我们使用 Spring WS 配置自动生成了 WSDL。在本例中，我们将展示如何使用 Spring WS 公开现有的 WSDL。

/WEB-INF/spring-ws-servlet.xml

<wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
   xmlns:soap = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
   xmlns:schema = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas"
   xmlns:tns = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/definitions"
   targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/definitions">
   
   <wsdl:types>
      <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
         <xsd:import namespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/hr/schemas"
            schemaLocation = "hr.xsd"/>
      </xsd:schema>
   </wsdl:types>
   
   <wsdl:message name = "LeaveRequest">
      <wsdl:part element = "schema:LeaveRequest" name = "LeaveRequest"/>
   </wsdl:message>
   
   <wsdl:portType name = "HumanResource">
      <wsdl:operation name = "Leave">
         <wsdl:input message = "tns:LeaveRequest" name = "LeaveRequest"/>
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:portType>
   
   <wsdl:binding name = "HumanResourceBinding" type = "tns:HumanResource">
      <soap:binding style = "document"
         transport = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
      <wsdl:operation name = "Leave">
         <soap:operation soapAction = "http://mycompany.com/RequestLeave"/>
         <wsdl:input name = "LeaveRequest">
            <soap:body use = "literal"/>
         </wsdl:input>
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:binding>
   
   <wsdl:service name = "HumanResourceService">
      <wsdl:port binding = "tns:HumanResourceBinding" name = "HumanResourcePort">
         <soap:address location = "http://localhost:8080/leaveService/"/>
      </wsdl:port>
   </wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>

/WEB-INF/spring-ws-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:sws = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services/web-services-2.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:component-scan base-package = "com.tutorialspoint.hr"/>
   <sws:annotation-driven/>
   <sws:static-wsdl id = "leave" location = "/WEB-INF/wsdl/leave.wsdl"/>
</beans>

运行项目

创建完源文件和配置文件后，我们应该导出应用程序。右键单击该应用程序，使用 Export → WAR File 选项并将 leftService.war 文件保存在 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夹中。

现在，启动 Tomcat 服务器并确保我们可以使用标准浏览器访问 webapps 文件夹中的其他网页。尝试访问 URL – http://localhost:8080/leaveService/leave.wsdl，如果 Spring Web 应用程序一切正常，我们将看到以下屏幕。

Spring WS - 编写服务器

在本章中，我们将了解如何使用 Spring WS 创建 Web 应用程序服务器。

国家.xsd

<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
   xmlns:tns = "http://tutorialspoint/schemas"
   targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint/schemas" 
   elementFormDefault = "qualified">

   <xs:element name = "getCountryRequest">
      <xs:complexType>
         <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name = "name" type = "xs:string"/>
         </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>

   <xs:element name = "getCountryResponse">
      <xs:complexType>
         <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name = "country" type = "tns:country"/>
         </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>

   <xs:complexType name = "country">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name = "name" type = "xs:string"/>
         <xs:element name = "population" type = "xs:int"/>
         <xs:element name = "capital" type = "xs:string"/>
         <xs:element name = "currency" type = "tns:currency"/>
      </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

   <xs:simpleType name = "currency">
      <xs:restriction base = "xs:string">
         <xs:enumeration value = "GBP"/>
         <xs:enumeration value = "USD"/>
         <xs:enumeration value = "INR"/>
      </xs:restriction>
   </xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>

创建项目

让我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\MVN 目录并执行以下mvn命令。

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId = org.springframework.ws 
-DarchetypeArtifactId = spring-ws-archetype -DgroupId = com.tutorialspoint 
-DartifactId = countryService

Maven 将开始处理并创建完整的 Java 应用程序项目结构。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = countryService
Define value for property 'version':  1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
[INFO] Using property: package = com.tutorialspoint
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.tutorialspoint
artifactId: countryService
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.tutorialspoint
 Y: :
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype:
 spring-ws-archetype:2.0.0-M1
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: countryService
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\mvn
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\mvn\countryService
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 35.989 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-01-21T11:18:31+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/178M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在转到 C:/MVN 目录。我们将看到创建了一个名为countryService 的java 应用程序项目（如artifactId 中指定的）。更新 pom.xml。

pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint.hr</groupId>
   <artifactId>countryService</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>countryService Spring-WS Application</name>
   <url>http://www.springframework.org/spring-ws</url>
   
   <build>
      <finalName>countryService</finalName>
   </build>
   
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.ws</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-ws-core</artifactId>
         <version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jdom</groupId>
         <artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
         <version>1.0</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jaxen</groupId>
         <artifactId>jaxen</artifactId>
         <version>1.1</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>wsdl4j</groupId>
         <artifactId>wsdl4j</artifactId>
         <version>1.6.2</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

创建域类

将country.xsd 复制到C:\mvn\countryService\src\main\resources 文件夹中。让我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\mvn\countryService\src\main\resources 目录并执行以下xjc命令以使用countries.xsd 生成域类。

C:\MVN\countryService\src\main\resources>xjc -p com.tutorialspoint countries.xsd

Maven 将开始处理并在 com.tutorialspoint 包中创建域类。

parsing a schema...
compiling a schema...
com\tutorialspoint\Country.java
com\tutorialspoint\Currency.java
com\tutorialspoint\GetCountryRequest.java
com\tutorialspoint\GetCountryResponse.java
com\tutorialspoint\ObjectFactory.java
com\tutorialspoint\package-info.java

在 C:\mvn\countryService\src\main 文件夹中创建文件夹 java。复制 C:\mvn\countryService\src\main\java 文件夹中的所有类。创建 CountryRepository 和 CountryEndPoint 分别代表国家数据库和国家服务器。

CountryRepository.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CurrencyEditor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

@Component
public class CountryRepository {
   private static final List<Country> countries = new ArrayList<Country>();

   public CountryRepository(){
      initData();
   }
   public void initData() {
      Country us = new Country();
      us.setName("United States");
      us.setCapital("Washington");
      us.setCurrency(Currency.USD);
      us.setPopulation(46704314);
   
      countries.add(us);
   
      Country india = new Country();
      india.setName("India");
      india.setCapital("New Delhi");
      india.setCurrency(Currency.INR);
      india.setPopulation(138186860);

      countries.add(india);
    
      Country uk = new Country();
      uk.setName("United Kingdom");
      uk.setCapital("London");
      uk.setCurrency(Currency.GBP);
      uk.setPopulation(63705000);
   
      countries.add(uk);
   }
   public Country findCountry(String name) {
      Assert.notNull(name);
      Country result = null;

      for (Country country : countries) {
         if (name.trim().equals(country.getName())) {
            result = country;
         }
      }
      return result;
   }
}

CountryEndPoint.java

package com.tutorialspoint.ws;

import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.Endpoint;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.PayloadRoot;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.RequestPayload;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.annotation.ResponsePayload;

import com.tutorialspoint.Country;
import com.tutorialspoint.CountryRepository;
import com.tutorialspoint.GetCountryRequest;
import com.tutorialspoint.GetCountryResponse;

@Endpoint
public class CountryEndPoint {
   private static final String NAMESPACE_URI = "http://tutorialspoint/schemas";
   private CountryRepository countryRepository;

   @Autowired
   public CountryEndPoint(CountryRepository countryRepository) throws JDOMException {
      this.countryRepository = countryRepository;
   }
   @PayloadRoot(namespace = NAMESPACE_URI, localPart = "getCountryRequest")
   @ResponsePayload
   public GetCountryResponse getCountry(@RequestPayload GetCountryRequest request) 
      throws JDOMException {
      
      Country country = countryRepository.findCountry(request.getName());
      GetCountryResponse response = new GetCountryResponse();
      response.setCountry(country);
      return response;
   }
}

/WEB-INF/spring-ws-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:sws = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services/web-services-2.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:component-scan base-package = "com.tutorialspoint"/>
   <sws:annotation-driven/>

   <sws:dynamic-wsdl id="countries"
      portTypeName = "CountriesPort"
      locationUri = "/countryService/"
      targetNamespace = "http://tutorialspoint.com/definitions">
      <sws:xsd location = "/WEB-INF/countries.xsd"/>
   </sws:dynamic-wsdl>
</beans>

/WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
   version = "2.4">

   <display-name>TutorialsPoint Country Service</display-name>

   <servlet>
      <servlet-name>spring-ws</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.ws.transport.http.MessageDispatcherServlet
      </servlet-class>
      <init-param>
         <param-name>transformWsdlLocations</param-name>
         <param-value>true</param-value>
      </init-param>
   </servlet>
   
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>spring-ws</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

构建项目

让我们打开命令控制台。进入C:\MVN\countryService目录，执行以下mvn命令。

C:\MVN\countryService>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建项目。

INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building countryService Spring-WS Application 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ countryService ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\mvn\countryService\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ countrySer
vice ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ countryService
---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. 
build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 4 source files to C:\mvn\countryService\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ co
untryService ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\mvn\countryService\src\test\resour
ces
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ country
Service ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ countryService ---

[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) @ countryService ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [countryService] in [C:\mvn\countryService\target\count
ryService]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [C:\mvn\countryService\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [5137 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\mvn\countryService\target\countryService.war
[INFO] WEB-INF\web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16.484 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-01-28T09:07:59+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/170M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

运行项目

创建源文件和配置文件后，导出 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夹中的countryService.war 文件。

现在，启动 Tomcat 服务器并确保我们是否可以使用标准浏览器访问 webapps 文件夹中的其他网页。向 URL – http://localhost:8080/countryService/ 发出 POST 请求，并使用任何 SOAP 客户端发出以下请求。

<x:Envelope xmlns:x = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" 
   xmlns:tns = "http://tutorialspoint/schemas">
   <x:Header/>
   <x:Body>
      <tns:getCountryRequest>
         <tns:name>United States</tns:name>
      </tns:getCountryRequest>
   </x:Body>
</x:Envelope>

您将看到以下结果。

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
   <SOAP-ENV:Header/>
   <SOAP-ENV:Body>
      <ns2:getCountryResponse xmlns:ns2 = "http://tutorialspoint/schemas">
         <ns2:country>
            <ns2:name>United States</ns2:name>
            <ns2:population>46704314</ns2:population>
            <ns2:capital>Washington</ns2:capital>
            <ns2:currency>USD</ns2:currency>
         </ns2:country>
      </ns2:getCountryResponse>
   </SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Spring WS - 单元测试服务器

在本章中，我们将了解如何对使用 Spring WS 创建的 Web 应用程序服务进行单元测试。

POM.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>countryService</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>countryService Spring-WS Application</name>
   <url>http://www.springframework.org/spring-ws</url>
   <build>
      <finalName>countryService</finalName>
   </build>
   
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.ws</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-ws-core</artifactId>
         <version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
         <version>2.5</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.ws</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-ws-test</artifactId>
         <version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
         <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jdom</groupId>
         <artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
         <version>1.0</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>jaxen</groupId>
         <artifactId>jaxen</artifactId>
         <version>1.1</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>wsdl4j</groupId>
         <artifactId>wsdl4j</artifactId>
         <version>1.6.2</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>4.5</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

spring-context.xml

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:sws = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services/web-services-2.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:component-scan base-package = "com.tutorialspoint"/>
   <sws:annotation-driven/>

   <bean id = "schema" class = "org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource">
      <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "countries.xsd" />
   </bean>
</beans>

CustomerEndPointTest.java

package com.tutorialspoint.ws;

import javax.xml.transform.Source;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.ws.test.server.MockWebServiceClient;
import org.springframework.xml.transform.StringSource;

import static org.springframework.ws.test.server.RequestCreators.withPayload;
import static org.springframework.ws.test.server.ResponseMatchers.payload;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration( locations = "/spring-context.xml" )
public class CustomerEndPointTest {
   @Autowired
   private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
   private MockWebServiceClient mockClient;

   @Before
   public void createClient() {
      mockClient = MockWebServiceClient.createClient(applicationContext);
      GenericApplicationContext ctx = (GenericApplicationContext) applicationContext;
      final XmlBeanDefinitionReader definitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(ctx);
      definitionReader.setValidationMode(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.VALIDATION_NONE);
      definitionReader.setNamespaceAware(true);
   }
   @Test
   public void testCountryEndpoint() throws Exception {
      Source requestPayload = new StringSource(
         "<getCountryRequest xmlns = 'http://tutorialspoint/schemas'>"+
         "<name>United States</name>"+
         "</getCountryRequest>");				
      Source responsePayload = new StringSource(
         "<getCountryResponse xmlns='http://tutorialspoint/schemas'>" +
         "<country>" +
         "<name>United States</name>"+
         "<population>46704314</population>"+
         "<capital>Washington</capital>"+
         "<currency>USD</currency>"+
         "</country>"+
         "</getCountryResponse>");
      mockClient.sendRequest(withPayload(requestPayload)).andExpect(payload(responsePayload));
   }	
}

构建项目

让我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\MVN\countryService 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\countryService>mvn test

Maven 将开始构建并测试该项目。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building countryService Spring-WS Application 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ countrySer
vice ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ countryService
---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ co
untryService ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\countryService\src\test\resour
ces
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ country
Service ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ countryService ---

[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\countryService\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.tutorialspoint.ws.CustomerEndPointTest
Feb 27, 2017 11:49:30 AM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager ret
rieveTestExecutionListeners
INFO: @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [class com.tutorialspoint
.ws.CustomerEndPointTest]: using defaults.
Feb 27, 2017 11:49:30 AM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinition
Reader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring-context.xml]

Feb 27, 2017 11:49:30 AM org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationC
ontext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing