Python - 计算段落中的标记

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在阅读源文本时，有时我们还需要找出一些有关所用单词类型的统计数据。这使得有必要计算给定文本中的单词数以及具有特定类型单词的行数。在下面的示例中，我们展示了使用两种不同方法计算段落中单词数的程序。为此，我们考虑一个文本文件，其中包含好莱坞电影的摘要。

读取文件

FileName = ("Path\GodFather.txt")

with open(FileName, 'r') as file:
    lines_in_file = file.read()
    print lines_in_file 

当我们运行上面的程序时，我们得到以下输出 -

Vito Corleone is the aging don (head) of the Corleone Mafia Family. His youngest son Michael has returned from WWII just in time to see the wedding of Connie Corleone (Michael's sister) to Carlo Rizzi. All of Michael's family is involved with the Mafia, but Michael just wants to live a normal life. Drug dealer Virgil Sollozzo is looking for Mafia families to offer him protection in exchange for a profit of the drug money. He approaches Don Corleone about it, but, much against the advice of the Don's lawyer Tom Hagen, the Don is morally against the use of drugs, and turns down the offer. This does not please Sollozzo, who has the Don shot down by some of his hit men. The Don barely survives, which leads his son Michael to begin a violent mob war against Sollozzo and tears the Corleone family apart.

使用 nltk 计算单词数

接下来我们使用 nltk 模块来统计文本中的单词数。请注意，“（头）”一词算作 3 个单词，而不是 1 个。

import nltk

FileName = ("Path\GodFather.txt")

with open(FileName, 'r') as file:
    lines_in_file = file.read()
    
    nltk_tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(lines_in_file)
    print nltk_tokens
    print "\n"
    print "Number of Words: " , len(nltk_tokens)

当我们运行上面的程序时，我们得到以下输出 -

['Vito', 'Corleone', 'is', 'the', 'aging', 'don', '(', 'head', ')', 'of', 'the', 'Corleone', 'Mafia', 'Family', '.', 'His', 'youngest', 'son', 'Michael', 'has', 'returned', 'from', 'WWII', 'just', 'in', 'time', 'to', 'see', 'the', 'wedding', 'of', 'Connie', 'Corleone', '(', 'Michael', "'s", 'sister', ')', 'to', 'Carlo', 'Rizzi', '.', 'All', 'of', 'Michael', "'s", 'family', 'is', 'involved', 'with', 'the', 'Mafia', ',', 'but', 'Michael', 'just', 'wants', 'to', 'live', 'a', 'normal', 'life', '.', 'Drug', 'dealer', 'Virgil', 'Sollozzo', 'is', 'looking', 'for', 'Mafia', 'families', 'to', 'offer', 'him', 'protection', 'in', 'exchange', 'for', 'a', 'profit', 'of', 'the', 'drug', 'money', '.', 'He', 'approaches', 'Don', 'Corleone', 'about', 'it', ',', 'but', ',', 'much', 'against', 'the', 'advice', 'of', 'the', 'Don', "'s", 'lawyer', 'Tom', 'Hagen', ',', 'the', 'Don', 'is', 'morally', 'against', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'drugs', ',', 'and', 'turns', 'down', 'the', 'offer', '.', 'This', 'does', 'not', 'please', 'Sollozzo', ',', 'who', 'has', 'the', 'Don', 'shot', 'down', 'by', 'some', 'of', 'his', 'hit', 'men', '.', 'The', 'Don', 'barely', 'survives', ',', 'which', 'leads', 'his', 'son', 'Michael', 'to', 'begin', 'a', 'violent', 'mob', 'war', 'against', 'Sollozzo', 'and', 'tears', 'the', 'Corleone', 'family', 'apart', '.']

Number of Words:  167

使用 split 计算单词数

接下来，我们使用 Split 函数对单词进行计数，这里单词“(head)”被视为单个单词，而不是像使用 nltk 时那样被视为 3 个单词。

FileName = ("Path\GodFather.txt")

with open(FileName, 'r') as file:
    lines_in_file = file.read()

    print lines_in_file.split()
    print "\n"
    print  "Number of Words: ", len(lines_in_file.split())

当我们运行上面的程序时，我们得到以下输出 -

['Vito', 'Corleone', 'is', 'the', 'aging', 'don', '(head)', 'of', 'the', 'Corleone', 'Mafia', 'Family.', 'His', 'youngest', 'son', 'Michael', 'has', 'returned', 'from', 'WWII', 'just', 'in', 'time', 'to', 'see', 'the', 'wedding', 'of', 'Connie', 'Corleone', "(Michael's", 'sister)', 'to', 'Carlo', 'Rizzi.', 'All', 'of', "Michael's", 'family', 'is', 'involved', 'with', 'the', 'Mafia,', 'but', 'Michael', 'just', 'wants', 'to', 'live', 'a', 'normal', 'life.', 'Drug', 'dealer', 'Virgil', 'Sollozzo', 'is', 'looking', 'for', 'Mafia', 'families', 'to', 'offer', 'him', 'protection', 'in', 'exchange', 'for', 'a', 'profit', 'of', 'the', 'drug', 'money.', 'He', 'approaches', 'Don', 'Corleone', 'about', 'it,', 'but,', 'much', 'against', 'the', 'advice', 'of', 'the', "Don's", 'lawyer', 'Tom', 'Hagen,', 'the', 'Don', 'is', 'morally', 'against', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'drugs,', 'and', 'turns', 'down', 'the', 'offer.', 'This', 'does', 'not', 'please', 'Sollozzo,', 'who', 'has', 'the', 'Don', 'shot', 'down', 'by', 'some', 'of', 'his', 'hit', 'men.', 'The', 'Don', 'barely', 'survives,', 'which', 'leads', 'his', 'son', 'Michael', 'to', 'begin', 'a', 'violent', 'mob', 'war', 'against', 'Sollozzo', 'and', 'tears', 'the', 'Corleone', 'family', 'apart.']

Number of Words:  146