Python 区块链 - 添加区块
每个矿工将从之前创建的交易池中获取交易。为了跟踪已挖掘的消息数量，我们必须创建一个全局变量 -
last_transaction_index = 0
现在，我们的第一个矿工将向区块链添加一个区块。
添加第一个块
要添加新块，我们首先创建Block类的实例。
block = Block()
我们从队列中选取前 3 个交易 -
for i in range(3): temp_transaction = transactions[last_transaction_index] # validate transaction
在将交易添加到区块之前，矿工将验证交易的有效性。通过测试发送者提供的哈希与矿工使用发送者的公钥生成的哈希是否相等来验证交易有效性。此外，矿工将验证发送者是否有足够的余额来支付当前交易。
为简洁起见，我们没有在本教程中包含此功能。交易验证后，我们将其添加到块实例中的verified_transactions列表中。
block.verified_transactions.append (temp_transaction)
我们增加最后一个交易索引，以便下一个矿工将拾取队列中的后续交易。
last_transaction_index += 1
我们将三笔交易添加到区块中。完成此操作后，我们将初始化Block类的其余实例变量。我们首先添加最后一个块的哈希值。
block.previous_block_hash = last_block_hash
接下来，我们开采难度级别为 2 的区块。
block.Nonce = mine (block, 2)
请注意， mine函数的第一个参数是一个二进制对象。现在，我们对整个块进行哈希处理并在其上创建摘要。
digest = hash (block)
最后，我们将创建的块添加到区块链中，并重新初始化全局变量last_block_hash以供下一个块使用。
添加块的完整代码如下所示 -
block = Block() for i in range(3): temp_transaction = transactions[last_transaction_index] # validate transaction # if valid block.verified_transactions.append (temp_transaction) last_transaction_index += 1 block.previous_block_hash = last_block_hash block.Nonce = mine (block, 2) digest = hash (block) TPCoins.append (block) last_block_hash = digest
添加更多块
我们现在将在区块链中添加两个区块。添加接下来两个块的代码如下 -
# Miner 2 adds a block block = Block() for i in range(3): temp_transaction = transactions[last_transaction_index] # validate transaction # if valid block.verified_transactions.append (temp_transaction) last_transaction_index += 1 block.previous_block_hash = last_block_hash block.Nonce = mine (block, 2)digest = hash (block) TPCoins.append (block)last_block_hash = digest # Miner 3 adds a block block = Block() for i in range(3): temp_transaction = transactions[last_transaction_index] #display_transaction (temp_transaction) # validate transaction # if valid block.verified_transactions.append (temp_transaction) last_transaction_index += 1 block.previous_block_hash = last_block_hash block.Nonce = mine (block, 2) digest = hash (block) TPCoins.append (block) last_block_hash = digest
当您添加这两个块时，您还将看到找到 Nonce 所需的迭代次数。此时，我们的区块链总共由 4 个区块（包括创世区块）组成。
转储整个区块链
您可以使用以下语句验证整个区块链的内容 -
dump_blockchain(TPCoins)
您将看到类似于下面所示的输出 -
Number of blocks in the chain: 4 block # 0 sender: Genesis ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100ed272b52ccb539e2cd779 c6cc10ed1dfadf5d97c6ab6de90ed0372b2655626fb79f62d0e01081c163b0864cc68d426bbe943 8e8566303bb77414d4bfcaa3468ab7febac099294de10273a816f7047d4087b4bafa11f141544d4 8e2f10b842cab91faf33153900c7bf6c08c9e47a7df8aa7e60dc9e0798fb2ba3484bbdad2e44302 03010001 ----- value: 500.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:02.042739 ----- -------------- ===================================== block # 1 sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100bb064c99c492144a9f463 480273aba93ac1db1f0da3cb9f3c1f9d058cf499fd8e54d244da0a8dd6ddd329ec86794b04d773e b4841c9f935ea4d9ccc2821c7a1082d23b6c928d59863407f52fa05d8b47e5157f8fe56c2ce3279 c657f9c6a80500073b0be8093f748aef667c03e64f04f84d311c4d866c12d79d3fc3034563dfb02 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100be93b516b28c6e674abe7 abdb11ce0fdf5bb728b75216b73f37a6432e4b402b3ad8139b8c0ba541a72c8add126b6e1a1308f b98b727beb63c6060356bb177bb7d54b54dbe87aee7353d0a6baa9397704de625d1836d3f42c7ee 5683f6703259592cc24b09699376807f28fe0e00ff882974484d805f874260dfc2d1627473b9102 03010001 ----- value: 15.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.859915 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100bb064c99c492144a9f463 480273aba93ac1db1f0da3cb9f3c1f9d058cf499fd8e54d244da0a8dd6ddd329ec86794b04d773e b4841c9f935ea4d9ccc2821c7a1082d23b6c928d59863407f52fa05d8b47e5157f8fe56c2ce3279 c657f9c6a80500073b0be8093f748aef667c03e64f04f84d311c4d866c12d79d3fc3034563dfb02 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- value: 6.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.860966 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100be93b516b28c6e674abe7 abdb11ce0fdf5bb728b75216b73f37a6432e4b402b3ad8139b8c0ba541a72c8add126b6e1a1308f b98b727beb63c6060356bb177bb7d54b54dbe87aee7353d0a6baa9397704de625d1836d3f42c7ee 5683f6703259592cc24b09699376807f28fe0e00ff882974484d805f874260dfc2d1627473b9102 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100cba097c0854876f41338c 62598c658f545182cfa4acebce147aedf328181f9c4930f14498fd03c0af6b0cce25be99452a81d f4fa30a53eddbb7bb7b203adf8764a0ccd9db6913a576d68d642d8fd47452590137869c25d9ff83 d68ebe6d616056a8425b85b52e69715b8b85ae807b84638d8f00e321b65e4c33acaf6469e18e302 03010001 ----- value: 2.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.861958 ----- -------------- ===================================== block # 2 sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100be93b516b28c6e674abe7 abdb11ce0fdf5bb728b75216b73f37a6432e4b402b3ad8139b8c0ba541a72c8add126b6e1a1308f b98b727beb63c6060356bb177bb7d54b54dbe87aee7353d0a6baa9397704de625d1836d3f42c7ee 5683f6703259592cc24b09699376807f28fe0e00ff882974484d805f874260dfc2d1627473b9102 03010001 ----- value: 4.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.862946 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100cba097c0854876f41338c 62598c658f545182cfa4acebce147aedf328181f9c4930f14498fd03c0af6b0cce25be99452a81d f4fa30a53eddbb7bb7b203adf8764a0ccd9db6913a576d68d642d8fd47452590137869c25d9ff83 d68ebe6d616056a8425b85b52e69715b8b85ae807b84638d8f00e321b65e4c33acaf6469e18e302 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- value: 7.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.863932 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100be93b516b28c6e674abe7 abdb11ce0fdf5bb728b75216b73f37a6432e4b402b3ad8139b8c0ba541a72c8add126b6e1a1308f b98b727beb63c6060356bb177bb7d54b54dbe87aee7353d0a6baa9397704de625d1836d3f42c7ee 5683f6703259592cc24b09699376807f28fe0e00ff882974484d805f874260dfc2d1627473b9102 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- value: 3.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.865099 ----- -------------- ===================================== block # 3 sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100bb064c99c492144a9f463 480273aba93ac1db1f0da3cb9f3c1f9d058cf499fd8e54d244da0a8dd6ddd329ec86794b04d773e b4841c9f935ea4d9ccc2821c7a1082d23b6c928d59863407f52fa05d8b47e5157f8fe56c2ce3279 c657f9c6a80500073b0be8093f748aef667c03e64f04f84d311c4d866c12d79d3fc3034563dfb02 03010001 ----- value: 8.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.866219 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100a070c82b34ae143cbe59b 3a2afde7186e9d5bc274955d8112d87a00256a35369acc4d0edfe65e8f9dc93fbd9ee74b9e7ea12 334da38c8c9900e6ced1c4ce93f86e06611e656521a1eab561892b7db0961b4f212d1fd5b5e49ae 09cf8c603a068f9b723aa8a651032ff6f24e5de00387e4d062375799742a359b8f22c5362e56502 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100be93b516b28c6e674abe7 abdb11ce0fdf5bb728b75216b73f37a6432e4b402b3ad8139b8c0ba541a72c8add126b6e1a1308f b98b727beb63c6060356bb177bb7d54b54dbe87aee7353d0a6baa9397704de625d1836d3f42c7ee 5683f6703259592cc24b09699376807f28fe0e00ff882974484d805f874260dfc2d1627473b9102 03010001 ----- value: 1.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.867223 ----- -------------- sender: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100cba097c0854876f41338c 62598c658f545182cfa4acebce147aedf328181f9c4930f14498fd03c0af6b0cce25be99452a81d f4fa30a53eddbb7bb7b203adf8764a0ccd9db6913a576d68d642d8fd47452590137869c25d9ff83 d68ebe6d616056a8425b85b52e69715b8b85ae807b84638d8f00e321b65e4c33acaf6469e18e302 03010001 ----- recipient: 30819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030818902818100bb064c99c492144a9f463 480273aba93ac1db1f0da3cb9f3c1f9d058cf499fd8e54d244da0a8dd6ddd329ec86794b04d773e b4841c9f935ea4d9ccc2821c7a1082d23b6c928d59863407f52fa05d8b47e5157f8fe56c2ce3279 c657f9c6a80500073b0be8093f748aef667c03e64f04f84d311c4d866c12d79d3fc3034563dfb02 03010001 ----- value: 5.0 ----- time: 2019-01-14 16:18:01.868241 ----- -------------- =====================================