XSLT 语法

假设我们有以下示例 XML 文件，students.xml，需要将其转换为格式良好的 HTML 文档。

学生.xml

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class> 
   <student rollno = "393">
      <firstname>Dinkar</firstname> 
      <lastname>Kad</lastname> 
      <nickname>Dinkar</nickname> 
      <marks>85</marks>
   </student> 
   <student rollno = "493"> 
      <firstname>Vaneet</firstname> 
      <lastname>Gupta</lastname> 
      <nickname>Vinni</nickname> 
      <marks>95</marks>
   </student> 
   <student rollno = "593"> 
      <firstname>Jasvir</firstname> 
      <lastname>Singh</lastname> 
      <nickname>Jazz</nickname> 
      <marks>90</marks> 
   </student> 
</class>

我们需要为上述 XML 文档定义一个 XSLT 样式表文档以满足以下条件 -

  • 页面应该有一个标题Students。

  • 页面应该有一个学生详细信息表。

  • 列应具有以下标题：卷号、名字、姓氏、昵称、分数

  • 表必须相应地包含学生的详细信息。

第 1 步：创建 XSLT 文档

创建一个XSLT文档来满足上述要求，将其命名为students.xsl并将其保存在students.xml所在的同一位置。

学生.xsl

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!-- xsl stylesheet declaration with xsl namespace: 
Namespace tells the xlst processor about which 
element is to be processed and which is used for output purpose only 
--> 
<xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 
xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">   
<!-- xsl template declaration:  
template tells the xlst processor about the section of xml 
document which is to be formatted. It takes an XPath expression. 
In our case, it is matching document root element and will 
tell processor to process the entire document with this template. 
--> 
   <xsl:template match = "/"> 
      <!-- HTML tags 
         Used for formatting purpose. Processor will skip them and browser 
            will simply render them. 
      --> 
		
      <html> 
         <body> 
            <h2>Students</h2> 
				
            <table border = "1"> 
               <tr bgcolor = "#9acd32"> 
                  <th>Roll No</th> 
                  <th>First Name</th> 
                  <th>Last Name</th> 
                  <th>Nick Name</th> 
                  <th>Marks</th> 
               </tr> 
				
               <!-- for-each processing instruction 
               Looks for each element matching the XPath expression 
               --> 
				
               <xsl:for-each select="class/student"> 
                  <tr> 
                     <td> 
                        <!-- value-of processing instruction 
                        process the value of the element matching the XPath expression 
                        --> 
                        <xsl:value-of select = "@rollno"/> 
                     </td> 
						
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "lastname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "nickname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "marks"/></td> 
						
                  </tr> 
               </xsl:for-each> 
					
            </table> 
         </body> 
      </html> 
   </xsl:template>  
</xsl:stylesheet>

步骤 2：将 XSLT 文档链接到 XML 文档

使用以下 xml-stylesheet 标记更新 Student.xml 文档。将 href 值设置为 Students.xsl

<?xml version = "1.0"?> 
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "students.xsl"?> 
<class> 
... 
</class>

步骤 3：在 Internet Explorer 中查看 XML 文档

学生.xml

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "students.xsl"?> 
<class> 
   <student rollno = "393"> 
      <firstname>Dinkar</firstname> 
      <lastname>Kad</lastname> 
      <nickname>Dinkar</nickname> 
      <marks>85</marks> 
   </student> 
   <student rollno = "493"> 
      <firstname>Vaneet</firstname> 
      <lastname>Gupta</lastname> 
      <nickname>Vinni</nickname> 
      <marks>95</marks> 
   </student> 
   <student rollno = "593"> 
      <firstname>Jasvir</firstname> 
      <lastname>Singh</lastname> 
      <nickname>Jazz</nickname> 
      <marks>90</marks> 
   </student> 
</class>

输出

格式化输出