Java 泛型 - 有界类型参数

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有时您可能想要限制允许传递给类型参数的类型种类。例如，对数字进行操作的方法可能只想接受 Number 或其子类的实例。这就是有界类型参数的用途。

要声明有界类型参数，请列出类型参数的名称，后跟 extends 关键字，然后是其上限。

例子

以下示例说明了如何在一般意义上使用扩展来表示“扩展”（如在类中）或“实现”（如在接口中）。此示例是返回三个 Comparable 对象中最大的一个的通用方法 -

public class MaximumTest {
   // determines the largest of three Comparable objects
   
   public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T maximum(T x, T y, T z) {
      T max = x;   // assume x is initially the largest
      
      if(y.compareTo(max) > 0) {
         max = y;   // y is the largest so far
      }
      
      if(z.compareTo(max) > 0) {
         max = z;   // z is the largest now                 
      }
      return max;   // returns the largest object   
   }
   
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      System.out.printf("Max of %d, %d and %d is %d\n\n", 
         3, 4, 5, maximum( 3, 4, 5 ));

      System.out.printf("Max of %.1f,%.1f and %.1f is %.1f\n\n",
         6.6, 8.8, 7.7, maximum( 6.6, 8.8, 7.7 ));

      System.out.printf("Max of %s, %s and %s is %s\n","pear",
         "apple", "orange", maximum("pear", "apple", "orange"));
   }
}

这将产生以下结果 -

输出

Max of 3, 4 and 5 is 5

Max of 6.6,8.8 and 7.7 is 8.8

Max of pear, apple and orange is pear