JSP - 发送电子邮件


在本章中,我们将讨论如何使用 JSP 发送电子邮件。要使用 JSP 发送电子邮件,您的计算机上应该安装JavaMail APIJava 激活框架 (JAF)

下载这些文件并将其解压缩到新创建的顶级目录中。您将找到这两个应用程序的许多 jar 文件。您需要将mail.jaractivation.jar文件添加到您的CLASSPATH 中。

发送简单的电子邮件

以下是从您的计算机发送简单电子邮件的示例。假设您的本地主机已连接到 Internet 并且有足够的能力发送电子邮件。确保 Java 电子邮件 API 包和 JAF 包中的所有 jar 文件在 CLASSPATH 中可用。

<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>

<%
   String result;
   
   // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try {
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      
      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
      
      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                               new InternetAddress(to));
      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
      
      // Now set the actual message
      message.setText("This is actual message");
      
      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   } catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Send Email using JSP</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <center>
         <h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
      </center>
      
      <p align = "center">
         <% 
            out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");
         %>
      </p>
   </body>
</html>

现在让我们将上述代码放入SendEmail.jsp文件中,并使用 URL http://localhost:8080/SendEmail.jsp调用此 JSP 。这将有助于向给定的电子邮件 ID abcd@gmail.com发送电子邮件。您将收到以下回复 -

Send Email using JSP

Result: Sent message successfully....

如果您想向多个收件人发送电子邮件,请使用以下方法指定多个电子邮件 ID -

void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses)
throws MessagingException

这是参数的描述 -

  • type - 这将设置为 TO、CC 或 BCC。这里CC代表抄送,BCC代表黑抄送。示例Message.RecipientType.TO

  • 地址- 这是电子邮件 ID 的数组。您需要在指定电子邮件 ID 时使用 InternetAddress() 方法

发送 HTML 电子邮件

以下是从您的计算机发送 HTML 电子邮件的示例。假设您的本地主机已连接到 Internet 并且有足够的能力发送电子邮件。确保Java 电子邮件 API 包JAF 包中的所有 jar 文件在 CLASSPATH 中可用。

此示例与上一个示例非常相似,只不过这里我们使用setContent()方法来设置第二个参数为“text/html”的内容,以指定消息中包含 HTML 内容。

使用此示例,您可以根据需要发送尽可能大的 HTML 内容。

<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>

<%
   String result;
   
   // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try {
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      
      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
      
      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
      
      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
     
      // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
      message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html" );
      
      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   } catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Send HTML Email using JSP</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      <center>
         <h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
      </center>
      
      <p align = "center">
         <% 
            out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");
         %>
      </p>
   </body>
</html>

现在让我们使用上面的 JSP 在给定的电子邮件 ID 上发送 HTML 消息。

通过电子邮件发送附件

以下是从您的机器发送带有附件的电子邮件的示例 -

<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>

<%
   String result;
   
   // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
   String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

   // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
   String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";

   // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
   String host = "localhost";

   // Get system properties object
   Properties properties = System.getProperties();

   // Setup mail server
   properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

   // Get the default Session object.
   Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

   try {
      // Create a default MimeMessage object.
      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);

      // Set From: header field of the header.
      message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

      // Set To: header field of the header.
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));

      // Set Subject: header field
      message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

      // Create the message part 
      BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();

      // Fill the message
      messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
      
      // Create a multipart message
      Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();

      // Set text message part
      multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

      // Part two is attachment
      messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
      
      String filename = "file.txt";
      DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
      messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
      messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
      multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

      // Send the complete message parts
      message.setContent(multipart );

      // Send message
      Transport.send(message);
      String title = "Send Email";
      result = "Sent message successfully....";
   } catch (MessagingException mex) {
      mex.printStackTrace();
      result = "Error: unable to send message....";
   }
%>

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Send Attachment Email using JSP</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <center>
         <h1>Send Attachment Email using JSP</h1>
      </center>
      
      <p align = "center">
         <%out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");%>
      </p>
   </body>
</html>

现在让我们运行上面的 JSP,以将文件作为附件与给定电子邮件 ID 上的消息一起发送。

用户认证部分

如果需要向电子邮件服务器提供用户 ID 和密码以进行身份​​验证,那么您可以按如下方式设置这些属性 -

props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

电子邮件发送机制的其余部分将保持如上所述。

使用表单发送电子邮件

您可以使用 HTML 表单接受电子邮件参数,然后可以使用请求对象来获取所有信息,如下所示 -

String to = request.getParameter("to");
String from = request.getParameter("from");
String subject = request.getParameter("subject");
String messageText = request.getParameter("body");

掌握所有信息后,您可以使用上述程序发送电子邮件。