Flask——SQLite


Python 内置了对SQlite的支持。SQlite3 模块随 Python 发行版一起提供。有关在Python中使用SQLite数据库的详细教程,请参考此链接。在本节中,我们将了解 Flask 应用程序如何与 SQLite 交互。

创建一个 SQLite 数据库“database.db”并在其中创建一个学生表。

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
print "Opened database successfully";

conn.execute('CREATE TABLE students (name TEXT, addr TEXT, city TEXT, pin TEXT)')
print "Table created successfully";
conn.close()

我们的 Flask 应用程序具有三个视图函数。

第一个new_student()函数绑定到 URL 规则('/addnew')。它呈现一个包含学生信息表单的 HTML 文件。

@app.route('/enternew')
def new_student():
   return render_template('student.html')

“student.html”的 HTML 脚本如下 -

<html>
   <body>
      <form action = "{{ url_for('addrec') }}" method = "POST">
         <h3>Student Information</h3>
         Name<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "nm" /></br>
         
         Address<br>
         <textarea name = "add" ></textarea><br>
         
         City<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "city" /><br>
         
         PINCODE<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "pin" /><br>
         <input type = "submit" value = "submit" /><br>
      </form>
   </body>
</html>

可以看出,表单数据被发布到绑定addrec()函数的“/addrec” URL 。

addrec()函数通过POST方法检索表单的数据并插入到 Students 表中。与插入操作成功或错误相对应的消息将呈现到'result.html'

@app.route('/addrec',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def addrec():
   if request.method == 'POST':
      try:
         nm = request.form['nm']
         addr = request.form['add']
         city = request.form['city']
         pin = request.form['pin']
         
         with sql.connect("database.db") as con:
            cur = con.cursor()
            cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name,addr,city,pin) 
               VALUES (?,?,?,?)",(nm,addr,city,pin) )
            
            con.commit()
            msg = "Record successfully added"
      except:
         con.rollback()
         msg = "error in insert operation"
      
      finally:
         return render_template("result.html",msg = msg)
         con.close()

result.html的 HTML 脚本包含一个转义语句{{msg}} ,用于显示插入操作的结果。

<!doctype html>
<html>
   <body>
      result of addition : {{ msg }}
      <h2><a href = "\">go back to home page</a></h2>
   </body>
</html>

该应用程序包含另一个由“/list” URL 表示的list()函数。它将“行”填充为包含学生表中所有记录的MultiDict对象。该对象被传递到list.html模板。

@app.route('/list')
def list():
   con = sql.connect("database.db")
   con.row_factory = sql.Row
   
   cur = con.cursor()
   cur.execute("select * from students")
   
   rows = cur.fetchall(); 
   return render_template("list.html",rows = rows)

list.html是一个模板,它迭代行集并在 HTML 表中呈现数据。

<!doctype html>
<html>
   <body>
      <table border = 1>
         <thead>
            <td>Name</td>
            <td>Address>/td<
            <td>city</td>
            <td>Pincode</td>
         </thead>
         
         {% for row in rows %}
            <tr>
               <td>{{row["name"]}}</td>
               <td>{{row["addr"]}}</td>
               <td> {{ row["city"]}}</td>
               <td>{{row['pin']}}</td>	
            </tr>
         {% endfor %}
      </table>
      
      <a href = "/">Go back to home page</a>
   </body>
</html>

最后,“/” URL 规则呈现“home.html”,充当应用程序的入口点。

@app.route('/')
def home():
   return render_template('home.html')

这是Flask-SQLite应用程序的完整代码。

from flask import Flask, render_template, request
import sqlite3 as sql
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
   return render_template('home.html')

@app.route('/enternew')
def new_student():
   return render_template('student.html')

@app.route('/addrec',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def addrec():
   if request.method == 'POST':
      try:
         nm = request.form['nm']
         addr = request.form['add']
         city = request.form['city']
         pin = request.form['pin']
         
         with sql.connect("database.db") as con:
            cur = con.cursor()
            
            cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name,addr,city,pin) 
               VALUES (?,?,?,?)",(nm,addr,city,pin) )
            
            con.commit()
            msg = "Record successfully added"
      except:
         con.rollback()
         msg = "error in insert operation"
      
      finally:
         return render_template("result.html",msg = msg)
         con.close()

@app.route('/list')
def list():
   con = sql.connect("database.db")
   con.row_factory = sql.Row
   
   cur = con.cursor()
   cur.execute("select * from students")
   
   rows = cur.fetchall();
   return render_template("list.html",rows = rows)

if __name__ == '__main__':
   app.run(debug = True)

当开发服务器开始运行时,从 Python shell 运行此脚本。在浏览器中访问http://localhost:5000/,它显示一个简单的菜单,如下所示 -

简单的菜单

单击“添加新记录”链接打开学生信息表。

添加新记录

填写表单字段并提交。底层函数将记录插入学生表中。

记录添加成功

返回主页并单击“显示列表”链接。将显示显示样本数据的表格。

显示样本数据的表格