JSF - 首次应用
为了创建一个简单的 JSF 应用程序,我们将使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。在以下示例中,我们将在 C:\JSF 文件夹中创建一个基于 Maven 的 Web 应用程序项目。
创建项目
让我们打开命令控制台,进入C:\ > JSF目录并执行以下mvn命令。
C:\JSF>mvn archetype:create -DgroupId = com.tutorialspoint.test -DartifactId = helloworld -DarchetypeArtifactId = maven-archetype-webapp
Maven 将开始处理并创建完整的 java web 应用程序项目结构。
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:create] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] [archetype:create {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Defaulting package to group ID: com.tutorialspoint.test [INFO] artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp: checking for updates from central [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.tutorialspoint.test [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.tutorialspoint.test [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.tutorialspoint.test [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: helloworld [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\JSF [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\JSF\helloworld [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 7 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:05:04 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/84M [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
现在转到 C:/JSF 目录。您将看到一个已创建的 Java Web 应用程序项目,名为 helloworld(如artifactId 中所指定)。Maven 使用标准目录布局,如以下屏幕截图所示。
通过上面的例子,我们可以理解以下关键概念。
序列号 | 文件夹结构和说明 |
---|---|
1 | 你好世界 包含src文件夹和pom.xml |
2 | src/main/wepapp 包含WEB-INF文件夹和index.jsp页面 |
3 | src/主/资源 它包含图像/属性文件(在上面的示例中,我们需要手动创建此结构) |
将 JSF 功能添加到项目中
添加以下 JSF 依赖项。
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId> <version>2.1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId> <version>2.1.7</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
完整的POM.xml
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.tutorialspoint.test</groupId> <artifactId>helloworld</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>helloworld Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId> <version>2.1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId> <version>2.1.7</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>helloworld</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
准备 Eclipse 项目
让我们打开命令控制台。进入C:\ > JSF > helloworld目录并执行以下mvn命令。
C:\JSF\helloworld>mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion = 2.0
Maven 将开始处理,创建 eclipse 就绪项目,并将添加 wtp 功能。
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/org/apache/maven/plugins/ maven-compiler-plugin/2.3.1/maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.pom 5K downloaded (maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.pom) Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/org/apache/maven/plugins/ maven-compiler-plugin/2.3.1/maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.jar 29K downloaded (maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.jar) [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'eclipse'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp [INFO] task-segment: [eclipse:eclipse] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Preparing eclipse:eclipse [INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping [INFO] [eclipse:eclipse {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Adding support for WTP version 2.0. [INFO] Using Eclipse Workspace: null [INFO] Adding default classpath container: org.eclipse.jdt. launching.JRE_CONTAINER Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/ com/sun/faces/jsf-api/2.1.7/jsf-api-2.1.7.pom 12K downloaded (jsf-api-2.1.7.pom) Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/ com/sun/faces/jsf-impl/2.1.7/jsf-impl-2.1.7.pom 10K downloaded (jsf-impl-2.1.7.pom) Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/ com/sun/faces/jsf-api/2.1.7/jsf-api-2.1.7.jar 619K downloaded (jsf-api-2.1.7.jar) Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/ com/sun/faces/jsf-impl/2.1.7/jsf-impl-2.1.7.jar 1916K downloaded (jsf-impl-2.1.7.jar) [INFO] Wrote settings to C:\JSF\helloworld\.settings\ org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs [INFO] Wrote Eclipse project for "helloworld" to C:\JSF\helloworld. [INFO] [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 6 minutes 7 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:16:25 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 10M/89M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------
在 Eclipse 中导入项目
以下是步骤 -
使用导入向导在 Eclipse 中导入项目。
转到文件→导入...→现有项目到工作区。
选择 helloworld 的根目录。
保留将项目复制到工作区以进行检查。
单击完成按钮。
Eclipse 将在其工作区C:\ → Projects → Data → WorkSpace中导入并复制该项目。
在 web.xml 中配置 Faces Servlet
在webapp → WEB-INF文件夹中找到 web.xml并更新它,如下所示。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>faces/home.xhtml</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- FacesServlet is main servlet responsible to handle all request. It acts as central controller. This servlet initializes the JSF components before the JSP is displayed. --> <servlet> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/faces/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsf</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.faces</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.xhtml</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
创建托管 Bean
在src → main → java as com →tutorialspoint → test下创建包结构。在此包中创建HelloWorld.java 类。更新HelloWorld.java的代码,如下所示。
package com.tutorialspoint.test; import javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean; @ManagedBean(name = "helloWorld", eager = true) public class HelloWorld { public HelloWorld() { System.out.println("HelloWorld started!"); } public String getMessage() { return "Hello World!"; } }
创建 JSF 页面
在webapp文件夹下创建一个页面home.xhtml 。更新home.xhtml的代码,如下所示。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>JSF Tutorial!</title> </head> <body> #{helloWorld.getMessage()} </body> </html>
构建项目
以下是步骤。
在eclipse中选择helloworld项目
使用运行方式向导
选择运行方式 → Maven 包
Maven 将开始构建项目,并在C:\ → Projects → Data → WorkSpace → helloworld → target文件夹下创建 helloworld.war 。
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp [INFO] [INFO] Id: com.tutorialspoint.test:helloworld:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] task-segment: [package] [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------- [INFO] [resources:resources] [INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] [compiler:compile] [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [resources:testResources] [INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] [compiler:testCompile] [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [surefire:test] [INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\surefire-reports ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- There are no tests to run. Results : Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [war:war] [INFO] Packaging webapp [INFO] Assembling webapp[helloworld] in [C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\helloworld] [INFO] Processing war project [INFO] Webapp assembled in[150 msecs] [INFO] Building war: C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\helloworld.war [INFO] ------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 3 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:34:46 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 2M/15M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------
部署 WAR 文件
以下是步骤。
停止 tomcat 服务器。
将helloworld.war文件复制到tomcat安装目录→webapps文件夹中。
启动 tomcat 服务器。
查看 webapps 目录,应该有一个文件夹 helloworld 已创建。
现在helloworld.war已成功部署在Tomcat Web服务器根目录中。
运行应用程序
在 Web 浏览器中输入 URL:http://localhost:8080/helloworld/home.jsf以启动应用程序。
服务器名称 (localhost) 和端口 (8080) 可能会根据您的 tomcat 配置而有所不同。