PostgreSQL - PHP 接口

安装

在最新版本的 PHP 5.3.x 中，默认启用 PostgreSQL 扩展。可以在编译时使用--without-pgsql来禁用它。您仍然可以使用 yum 命令来安装 PHP -PostgreSQL 界面 -

yum install php-pgsql

在开始使用 PHP PostgreSQL 界面之前，请在 PostgreSQL 安装目录中找到pg_hba.conf文件并添加以下行 -

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5

如果 postgres 服务器没有运行，您可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动它 -

[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]
Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

Windows 用户必须启用 php_pgsql.dll 才能使用此扩展。此 DLL 包含在最新版本的 PHP 5.3.x 的 Windows 发行版中

有关详细的安装说明，请查看我们的 PHP 教程及其官方网站。

PHP 接口 API

以下是重要的 PHP 例程，它们可以满足您从 PHP 程序使用 PostgreSQL 数据库的要求。如果您正在寻找更复杂的应用程序，那么您可以查看 PHP 官方文档。

S. 编号	接口及说明
1	资源 pg_connect ( string $connection_string [, int $connect_type ] ) 这将打开到由 connection_string 指定的 PostgreSQL 数据库的连接。如果 PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW 作为 connect_type 传递，则在第二次调用 pg_connect() 时会创建一个新连接，即使 connection_string 与现有连接相同。
2	bool pg_connection_reset (资源$connection) 该例程重置连接。它对于错误恢复很有用。成功则返回 TRUE，失败则返回 FALSE。
3	int pg_connection_status (资源$connection) 该例程返回指定连接的状态。返回 PGSQL_CONNECTION_OK 或 PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD。
4	字符串 pg_dbname ([ 资源 $connection ] ) 此例程返回给定 PostgreSQL 连接资源的数据库的名称。
5	资源 pg_prepare ([ 资源 $connection ], 字符串 $stmtname, 字符串 $query ) 这会提交一个请求，以创建具有给定参数的准备好的语句，并等待完成。
6	资源 pg_execute ([ 资源 $connection ], 字符串 $stmtname, 数组 $params ) 该例程发送请求以执行带有给定参数的准备好的语句，并等待结果。
7	资源 pg_query ([ 资源 $connection ], 字符串 $query ) 该例程在指定的数据库连接上执行查询。
8	数组 pg_fetch_row (资源 $result [, int $row ] ) 该例程从与指定结果资源关联的结果中获取一行数据。
9	数组 pg_fetch_all ( 资源 $result ) 此例程返回一个包含结果资源中所有行（记录）的数组。
10	int pg_affected_rows（资源$结果）此例程返回受 INSERT、UPDATE 和 DELETE 查询影响的行数。
11	int pg_num_rows（资源$结果）此例程返回 PostgreSQL 结果资源中的行数，例如 SELECT 语句返回的行数。
12	bool pg_close ([资源$连接]) 此例程关闭与给定连接资源关联的 PostgreSQL 数据库的非持久连接。
13	字符串 pg_last_error ([ 资源 $connection ] ) 此例程返回给定连接的最后一个错误消息。
14	字符串 pg_escape_literal ([ 资源 $connection ], 字符串 $data ) 此例程转义文字以插入文本字段。
15	字符串 pg_escape_string ([ 资源 $connection ], 字符串 $data ) 该例程转义用于查询数据库的字符串。

连接到数据库

下面的PHP代码展示了如何连接到本地机器上现有的数据库，最终将返回一个数据库连接对象。

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
?>

现在，让我们运行上面给出的程序来打开数据库testdb：如果数据库成功打开，那么它将给出以下消息 -

Opened database successfully

创建一个表

以下 PHP 程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      CREATE TABLE COMPANY
      (ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
      NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
      AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
      ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
      SALARY         REAL);
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
   } else {
      echo "Table created successfully\n";
   }
   pg_close($db);
?>

当执行上面给定的程序时，它将在您的testdb中创建 COMPANY 表，并将显示以下消息 -

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

插入操作

以下 PHP 程序显示了如何在上面示例中创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录 -

<?php
   $host        = "host=127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port=5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }

   $sql =<<<EOF
      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
   } else {
      echo "Records created successfully\n";
   }
   pg_close($db);
?>

当执行上面给定的程序时，它将在 COMPANY 表中创建给定的记录，并显示以下两行 -

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

选择操作

以下 PHP 程序显示了如何从上面示例中创建的 COMPANY 表中获取和显示记录 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }

   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

当执行上面给定的程序时，它将产生以下结果。请注意，字段按照创建表时使用的顺序返回。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  20000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

更新操作

以下 PHP 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句更新任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录 -

<?php
   $host        = "host=127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port=5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   $sql =<<<EOF
      UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;
EOF;
   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } else {
      echo "Record updated successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

当执行上面给定的程序时，它将产生以下结果 -

Opened database successfully
Record updated successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  65000

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY =  25000

Operation done successfully

删除操作

以下 PHP 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余记录 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   $sql =<<<EOF
      DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;
EOF;
   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } else {
      echo "Record deleted successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

当执行上面给定的程序时，它将产生以下结果 -

Opened database successfully
Record deleted successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  65000

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY =  25000

Operation done successfully