- Fortran 教程
- Fortran - 主页
- Fortran - 概述
- Fortran - 环境设置
- Fortran - 基本语法
- Fortran - 数据类型
- Fortran - 变量
- Fortran - 常量
- Fortran - 运算符
- Fortran - 决策
- Fortran - 循环
- Fortran - 数字
- Fortran - 字符
- Fortran - 字符串
- Fortran - 数组
- Fortran - 动态数组
- Fortran - 派生数据类型
- Fortran - 指针
- Fortran - 基本输入输出
- Fortran - 文件输入输出
- Fortran - 过程
- Fortran - 模块
- Fortran - 内在函数
- Fortran - 数值精度
- Fortran - 程序库
- Fortran - 编程风格
- Fortran - 调试程序
- Fortran 资源
- Fortran - 快速指南
- Fortran - 有用的资源
- Fortran - 讨论
Fortran - 派生数据类型
Fortran 允许您定义派生数据类型。派生数据类型也称为结构,它可以由不同类型的数据对象组成。
派生数据类型用于表示记录。例如,您想跟踪图书馆中的书籍,您可能希望跟踪每本书的以下属性 -
- 标题
- 作者
- 主题
- 图书编号
定义派生数据类型
要定义派生数据类型,请使用type 和end type语句。。type 语句定义了一种新的数据类型,为您的程序提供了多个成员。类型语句的格式是这样的 -
type type_name declarations end type
这是声明 Book 结构的方式 -
type Books character(len = 50) :: title character(len = 50) :: author character(len = 150) :: subject integer :: book_id end type Books
访问结构成员
派生数据类型的对象称为结构。
可以在类型声明语句中创建 Books 类型的结构,例如 -
type(Books) :: book1
可以使用组件选择符 (%) 访问结构的组件 -
book1%title = "C Programming" book1%author = "Nuha Ali" book1%subject = "C Programming Tutorial" book1%book_id = 6495407
请注意,% 符号前后没有空格。
例子
以下程序说明了上述概念 -
program deriveDataType !type declaration type Books character(len = 50) :: title character(len = 50) :: author character(len = 150) :: subject integer :: book_id end type Books !declaring type variables type(Books) :: book1 type(Books) :: book2 !accessing the components of the structure book1%title = "C Programming" book1%author = "Nuha Ali" book1%subject = "C Programming Tutorial" book1%book_id = 6495407 book2%title = "Telecom Billing" book2%author = "Zara Ali" book2%subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial" book2%book_id = 6495700 !display book info Print *, book1%title Print *, book1%author Print *, book1%subject Print *, book1%book_id Print *, book2%title Print *, book2%author Print *, book2%subject Print *, book2%book_id end program deriveDataType
当上面的代码被编译并执行时,它会产生以下结果 -
C Programming Nuha Ali C Programming Tutorial 6495407 Telecom Billing Zara Ali Telecom Billing Tutorial 6495700
结构数组
您还可以创建派生类型的数组 -
type(Books), dimension(2) :: list
数组的各个元素可以通过以下方式访问:
list(1)%title = "C Programming" list(1)%author = "Nuha Ali" list(1)%subject = "C Programming Tutorial" list(1)%book_id = 6495407
以下程序说明了这个概念 -
program deriveDataType !type declaration type Books character(len = 50) :: title character(len = 50) :: author character(len = 150) :: subject integer :: book_id end type Books !declaring array of books type(Books), dimension(2) :: list !accessing the components of the structure list(1)%title = "C Programming" list(1)%author = "Nuha Ali" list(1)%subject = "C Programming Tutorial" list(1)%book_id = 6495407 list(2)%title = "Telecom Billing" list(2)%author = "Zara Ali" list(2)%subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial" list(2)%book_id = 6495700 !display book info Print *, list(1)%title Print *, list(1)%author Print *, list(1)%subject Print *, list(1)%book_id Print *, list(1)%title Print *, list(2)%author Print *, list(2)%subject Print *, list(2)%book_id end program deriveDataType
当上面的代码被编译并执行时,它会产生以下结果 -
C Programming Nuha Ali C Programming Tutorial 6495407 C Programming Zara Ali Telecom Billing Tutorial 6495700