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JOGL - 3D 三角形
在前面的章节中我们已经了解了如何绘制 3D 形状,本章将教您如何绘制 3D 三角形并旋转它。
下面给出的是绘制 3D 三角形并旋转它的程序。
import javax.media.opengl.GL2; import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable; import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities; import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener; import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile; import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas; import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU; import javax.swing.JFrame; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator; public class Triangle3d implements GLEventListener { private GLU glu = new GLU(); private float rtri = 0.0f; @Override public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer gl.glClear( GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View gl.glTranslatef( -0.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f ); // Move the triangle gl.glRotatef( rtri, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_TRIANGLES ); //drawing triangle in all dimensions // Front gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Front) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Front) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Front) // Right gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Right) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Right) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Right) // Left gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Back) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Back) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Back) //left gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Red gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Left) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Left) gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Left) gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing 3d triangle (Pyramid) gl.glFlush(); rtri += 0.2f; } @Override public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { //method body } @Override public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { //method body } @Override public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); if(height lt;=;) height = 1; final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height; gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); } public static void main( String[] args ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 ); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile ); // The canvas final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities ); Triangle3d triangle = new Triangle3d(); glcanvas.addGLEventListener( triangle ); glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 ); final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( "3d Triangle (shallow)" ); frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas ); frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() ); frame.setVisible( true ); final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas,300,true); animator.start(); } }
当您编译并执行上述程序时,将生成以下输出。在这里,您可以看到旋转 3D 三角形的快照。由于该程序不包括深度测试,因此生成的三角形是空心的。
要使三角形变为实心,您需要使用glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)启用深度测试。启用深度缓冲区会给您一个空白屏幕。这可以通过使用glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFERBIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)方法清除颜色来清除。要在 init() 方法或glDisplay()方法中启用深度测试,请编写以下代码 -
public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f); gl.glClearDepth(1.0f); gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST); gl.glDepthFunc(GL2.GL_LEQUAL); gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST); }
下面给出的是绘制 3D 三角形并进行深度测试的程序。
import javax.media.opengl.GL2; import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable; import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities; import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener; import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile; import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas; import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU; import javax.swing.JFrame; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator; public class Triangledepthtest implements GLEventListener { private GLU glu = new GLU(); private float rtri = 0.0f; @Override public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH ); gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f ); gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f ); gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST ); gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL ); gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View gl.glTranslatef( -0.5f,0.0f,-6.0f ); // Move the triangle gl.glRotatef( rtri, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_TRIANGLES ); //drawing triangle in all dimensions //front gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right) //right gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right //left gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right //top gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing 3d triangle (Pyramid) gl.glFlush(); rtri += 0.2f; } @Override public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { } @Override public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH ); gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f ); gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f ); gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST ); gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL ); gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST ); } @Override public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); if( height <= 0 ) height = 1; final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height; gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); } public static void main( String[] args ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 ); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile ); // The canvas final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities ); Triangledepthtest triangledepthtest = new Triangledepthtest(); glcanvas.addGLEventListener( triangledepthtest ); glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 ); final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( "3d Triangle (solid)" ); frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas); frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() ); frame.setVisible( true ); final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator( glcanvas, 300,true); animator.start(); } }
当您编译并执行上述程序时,将生成以下输出。
在这里,您可以看到旋转 3D 三角形的快照。由于该程序包含深度测试代码,因此三角形是实心生成的。