MVVM – 验证

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在本章中，我们将学习验证。我们还将研究一种干净的方法来使用 WPF 绑定已经支持的内容进行验证，但将其绑定到 MVVM 组件中。

MVVM 中的验证

• 当您的应用程序开始接受最终用户的数据输入时，您需要考虑验证该输入。

• 确保它符合您的总体要求。

• WPF 在绑定系统中具有一些出色的构建和功能，用于验证输入，并且您在执行 MVVM 时仍然可以利用所有这些功能。

• 请记住，支持验证并定义哪些属性存在的规则应该是模型或视图模型的一部分，而不是视图本身的逻辑。

您仍然可以使用 WPF 数据绑定支持的所有表达验证的方式，包括 -

• 设置对属性抛出异常。
• 实现 IDataErrorInfo 接口。
• 实现 INotifyDataErrorInfo。
• 使用 WPF 验证规则。

一般来说，建议使用 INotifyDataErrorInfo，并在 WPF .net 4.5 中引入它，它支持查询对象以查找与属性相关的错误，并且还修复了所有其他选项的一些缺陷。具体来说，它允许异步验证。它允许属性有多个与其关联的错误。

添加验证

让我们看一个示例，在该示例中，我们将向输入视图添加验证支持，在大型应用程序中，您可能会在应用程序的多个位置需要此功能。有时在视图上，有时在 ViewModel 上，有时在这些辅助对象上，模型对象周围有包装器。

将验证支持放在一个公共基类中是一个很好的做法，然后您可以从不同的场景继承该基类。

基类将支持 INotifyDataErrorInfo，以便在属性更改时触发验证。

创建添加一个名为 ValidatableBindableBase 的新类。由于我们已经有了一个用于属性更改处理的基类，因此让我们从它派生基类并实现 INotifyDataErrorInfo 接口。

以下是 ValidatableBindableBase 类的实现。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.ComponentModel; 

//using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; 
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; 
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo { 

   public class ValidatableBindableBase : BindableBase, INotifyDataErrorInfo { 
      private Dictionary<string, List<string>> _errors = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();

      public event EventHandler<DataErrorsChangedEventArgs> 
         ErrorsChanged = delegate { };

      public System.Collections.IEnumerable GetErrors(string propertyName) {
		
         if (_errors.ContainsKey(propertyName)) 
            return _errors[propertyName]; 
         else 
            return null; 
      }
      
      public bool HasErrors { 
         get { return _errors.Count > 0; } 
      }
		
      protected override void SetProperty<T>(ref T member, T val, 
         [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null) {
		
         base.SetProperty<T>(ref member, val, propertyName);
         ValidateProperty(propertyName, val);
      }
		
      private void ValidateProperty<T>(string propertyName, T value) {
         var results = new List<ValidationResult>();
			
         //ValidationContext context = new ValidationContext(this); 
         //context.MemberName = propertyName;
         //Validator.TryValidateProperty(value, context, results);

         if (results.Any()) {
            //_errors[propertyName] = results.Select(c => c.ErrorMessage).ToList(); 
         } else { 
            _errors.Remove(propertyName); 
         }
			
         ErrorsChanged(this, new DataErrorsChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); 
      } 
   } 
}

现在将 AddEditCustomerView 和 AddEditCustomerViewModel 添加到各自的文件夹中。以下是 AddEditCustomerView.xaml 的代码。

<UserControl x:Class = "MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Views.AddEditCustomerView"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <Grid> 
      <Grid.RowDefinitions> 
         <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
         <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" />
      </Grid.RowDefinitions>
		
      <Grid x:Name = "grid1" 
         HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
         DataContext = "{Binding Customer}" 
         Margin = "10,10,0,0" 
         VerticalAlignment = "Top">
			
         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 
            <ColumnDefinition Width = "Auto" /> 
            <ColumnDefinition Width = "Auto" /> 
         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
		
         <Grid.RowDefinitions> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
		
         <Label Content = "First Name:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "firstNameTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "0" 
            Text = "{Binding FirstName, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Last Name:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "1" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" /> 
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "lastNameTextBox"
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "1" 
            Text = "{Binding LastName, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Email:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "2" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "emailTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "2" 
            Text = "{Binding Email, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Phone:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "3" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "phoneTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "3" 
            Text = "{Binding Phone, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
      </Grid> 

      <Grid Grid.Row = "1"> 
         <Button Content = "Save" 
            Command = "{Binding SaveCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "25,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" />
		
         <Button Content = "Add" 
            Command = "{Binding SaveCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "25,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" /> 
		
         <Button Content = "Cancel" 
            Command = "{Binding CancelCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "150,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" /> 
      </Grid>
		
   </Grid> 
	
</UserControl>

以下是 AddEditCustomerViewModel 实现。

using MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Model;

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo.ViewModel { 

   class AddEditCustomerViewModel : BindableBase { 
	
      public AddEditCustomerViewModel() {
         CancelCommand = new MyIcommand(OnCancel); 
         SaveCommand = new MyIcommand(OnSave, CanSave); 
      } 
		
      private bool _EditMode; 
		
      public bool EditMode { 
         get { return _EditMode; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _EditMode, value);} 
      }
		
      private SimpleEditableCustomer _Customer;
		
      public SimpleEditableCustomer Customer { 
         get { return _Customer; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _Customer, value);} 
      }

      private Customer _editingCustomer = null;
		
      public void SetCustomer(Customer cust) {
         _editingCustomer = cust; 
			
         if (Customer != null) Customer.ErrorsChanged -= RaiseCanExecuteChanged; 
         Customer = new SimpleEditableCustomer();
         Customer.ErrorsChanged += RaiseCanExecuteChanged;
         CopyCustomer(cust, Customer); 
      }
		
      private void RaiseCanExecuteChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { 
         SaveCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged(); 
      }

      public MyIcommand CancelCommand { get; private set; }
      public MyIcommand SaveCommand { get; private set; }

      public event Action Done = delegate { };
		
      private void OnCancel() { 
         Done(); 
      }

      private async void OnSave() { 
         Done(); 
      }
		
      private bool CanSave() { 
         return !Customer.HasErrors; 
      }  
   } 
}

以下是 SimpleEditableCustomer 类的实现。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Model { 

   public class SimpleEditableCustomer : ValidatableBindableBase { 
      private Guid _id; 
		
      public Guid Id { 
         get { return _id; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _id, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _firstName; 
      [Required]
		
      public string FirstName { 
         get { return _firstName; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _firstName, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _lastName; 
      [Required] 
		
      public string LastName {  
         get { return _lastName; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _lastName, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _email; 
      [EmailAddress] 
		
      public string Email {
         get { return _email; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _email, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _phone; 
      [Phone] 
		
      public string Phone { 
         get { return _phone; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _phone, value); } 
      } 
   } 
}

编译并执行上述代码后，您将看到以下窗口。

当您按下添加客户按钮时，您将看到以下视图。当用户将任何字段留空时，该字段将突出显示，并且保存按钮将被禁用。