Python Pandas - 基本功能

---

到目前为止，我们已经了解了 Pandas 的三种数据结构以及如何创建它们。我们将主要关注 DataFrame 对象，因为它在实时数据处理中的重要性，并讨论一些其他 DataStructures。

系列基本功能

现在让我们创建一个系列并查看上面列出的所有属性操作。

例子

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 100 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print s

其输出如下 -

0   0.967853
1  -0.148368
2  -1.395906
3  -1.758394
dtype: float64

轴

返回该系列的标签列表。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 100 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print ("The axes are:")
print s.axes

其输出如下 -

The axes are:
[RangeIndex(start=0, stop=4, step=1)]

上面的结果是从 0 到 5 的值列表的紧凑格式，即 [0,1,2,3,4]。

空的

返回表示对象是否为空的布尔值。True 表示该对象为空。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 100 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print ("Is the Object empty?")
print s.empty

其输出如下 -

Is the Object empty?
False

恩迪姆

返回对象的维数。根据定义，Series 是一维数据结构，因此它返回

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 4 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print s

print ("The dimensions of the object:")
print s.ndim

其输出如下 -

0   0.175898
1   0.166197
2  -0.609712
3  -1.377000
dtype: float64

The dimensions of the object:
1

尺寸

返回系列的大小（长度）。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 4 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(2))
print s
print ("The size of the object:")
print s.size

其输出如下 -

0   3.078058
1  -1.207803
dtype: float64

The size of the object:
2

价值观

以数组形式返回系列中的实际数据。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 4 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print s

print ("The actual data series is:")
print s.values

其输出如下 -

0   1.787373
1  -0.605159
2   0.180477
3  -0.140922
dtype: float64

The actual data series is:
[ 1.78737302 -0.60515881 0.18047664 -0.1409218 ]

头尾

要查看 Series 或 DataFrame 对象的小样本，请使用 head() 和 tail() 方法。

head()返回前n行（观察索引值）。要显示的默认元素数量为 5，但您可以传递自定义数量。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 4 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print ("The original series is:")
print s

print ("The first two rows of the data series:")
print s.head(2)

其输出如下 -

The original series is:
0   0.720876
1  -0.765898
2   0.479221
3  -0.139547
dtype: float64

The first two rows of the data series:
0   0.720876
1  -0.765898
dtype: float64

tail()返回最后n行（观察索引值）。要显示的默认元素数量为 5，但您可以传递自定义数量。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a series with 4 random numbers
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(4))
print ("The original series is:")
print s

print ("The last two rows of the data series:")
print s.tail(2)

其输出如下 -

The original series is:
0 -0.655091
1 -0.881407
2 -0.608592
3 -2.341413
dtype: float64

The last two rows of the data series:
2 -0.608592
3 -2.341413
dtype: float64

数据框架基本功能

现在让我们了解什么是 DataFrame 基本功能。下表列出了有助于 DataFrame 基本功能的重要属性或方法。

现在让我们创建一个 DataFrame 并看看上述属性是如何操作的。

例子

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our data series is:")
print df

其输出如下 -

Our data series is:
    Age   Name    Rating
0   25    Tom     4.23
1   26    James   3.24
2   25    Ricky   3.98
3   23    Vin     2.56
4   30    Steve   3.20
5   29    Smith   4.60
6   23    Jack    3.80

T（转置）

返回 DataFrame 的转置。行和列将互换。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
# Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

# Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("The transpose of the data series is:")
print df.T

其输出如下 -

The transpose of the data series is:
         0     1       2      3      4      5       6
Age      25    26      25     23     30     29      23
Name     Tom   James   Ricky  Vin    Steve  Smith   Jack
Rating   4.23  3.24    3.98   2.56   3.2    4.6     3.8

轴

返回行轴标签和列轴标签的列表。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Row axis labels and column axis labels are:")
print df.axes

其输出如下 -

Row axis labels and column axis labels are:

[RangeIndex(start=0, stop=7, step=1), Index([u'Age', u'Name', u'Rating'],
dtype='object')]

数据类型

返回每列的数据类型。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("The data types of each column are:")
print df.dtypes

其输出如下 -

The data types of each column are:
Age     int64
Name    object
Rating  float64
dtype: object

空的

返回布尔值，表示对象是否为空；True 表示该对象为空。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}
 
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Is the object empty?")
print df.empty

其输出如下 -

Is the object empty?
False

恩迪姆

返回对象的维数。根据定义，DataFrame 是一个 2D 对象。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our object is:")
print df
print ("The dimension of the object is:")
print df.ndim

其输出如下 -

Our object is:
      Age    Name     Rating
0     25     Tom      4.23
1     26     James    3.24
2     25     Ricky    3.98
3     23     Vin      2.56
4     30     Steve    3.20
5     29     Smith    4.60
6     23     Jack     3.80

The dimension of the object is:
2

形状

返回表示 DataFrame 维度的元组。元组(a,b)，其中a代表行数，b代表列数。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}
 
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our object is:")
print df
print ("The shape of the object is:")
print df.shape

其输出如下 -

Our object is:
   Age   Name    Rating
0  25    Tom     4.23
1  26    James   3.24
2  25    Ricky   3.98
3  23    Vin     2.56
4  30    Steve   3.20
5  29    Smith   4.60
6  23    Jack    3.80

The shape of the object is:
(7, 3)

尺寸

返回 DataFrame 中的元素数量。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}
 
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our object is:")
print df
print ("The total number of elements in our object is:")
print df.size

其输出如下 -

Our object is:
    Age   Name    Rating
0   25    Tom     4.23
1   26    James   3.24
2   25    Ricky   3.98
3   23    Vin     2.56
4   30    Steve   3.20
5   29    Smith   4.60
6   23    Jack    3.80

The total number of elements in our object is:
21

价值观

以 NDarray 形式返回 DataFrame 中的实际数据。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}
 
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our object is:")
print df
print ("The actual data in our data frame is:")
print df.values

其输出如下 -

Our object is:
    Age   Name    Rating
0   25    Tom     4.23
1   26    James   3.24
2   25    Ricky   3.98
3   23    Vin     2.56
4   30    Steve   3.20
5   29    Smith   4.60
6   23    Jack    3.80
The actual data in our data frame is:
[[25 'Tom' 4.23]
[26 'James' 3.24]
[25 'Ricky' 3.98]
[23 'Vin' 2.56]
[30 'Steve' 3.2]
[29 'Smith' 4.6]
[23 'Jack' 3.8]]

头尾

要查看 DataFrame 对象的小样本，请使用head()和 tail() 方法。head()返回前n行（观察索引值）。要显示的默认元素数量为 5，但您可以传递自定义数量。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]),
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}

#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our data frame is:")
print df
print ("The first two rows of the data frame is:")
print df.head(2)

其输出如下 -

Our data frame is:
    Age   Name    Rating
0   25    Tom     4.23
1   26    James   3.24
2   25    Ricky   3.98
3   23    Vin     2.56
4   30    Steve   3.20
5   29    Smith   4.60
6   23    Jack    3.80

The first two rows of the data frame is:
   Age   Name   Rating
0  25    Tom    4.23
1  26    James  3.24

tail()返回最后n行（观察索引值）。要显示的默认元素数量为 5，但您可以传递自定义数量。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack']),
   'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23]), 
   'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8])}
 
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print ("Our data frame is:")
print df
print ("The last two rows of the data frame is:")
print df.tail(2)

其输出如下 -

Our data frame is:
    Age   Name    Rating
0   25    Tom     4.23
1   26    James   3.24
2   25    Ricky   3.98
3   23    Vin     2.56
4   30    Steve   3.20
5   29    Smith   4.60
6   23    Jack    3.80

The last two rows of the data frame is:
    Age   Name    Rating
5   29    Smith    4.6
6   23    Jack     3.8