Angular7 - 材料

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材料为您的项目提供了许多内置模块。自动完成、日期选择器、滑块、菜单、网格和工具栏等功能可与 Angular 7 中的材料一起使用。

要使用材料，我们需要导入包。Angular 2 也具有上述所有功能，但它们可以作为@angular/core 模块的一部分提供。从 Angular 4 开始，材料模块已通过单独的模块@angular/materials 提供。这有助于用户仅导入项目中所需的材料。

要开始使用materials，您需要安装两个包：materials和cdk。材质组件依赖于动画模块来实现高级功能。因此，您需要相同的动画包@angular/animations。该软件包已在上一章中更新。我们已经在前面的章节中为虚拟和拖放模块安装了 @angular/cdk 包。

以下是将材料添加到您的项目的命令 -

npm install --save @angular/material

现在让我们看看 package.json。@Angular/Material和@Angular/cdk已安装。

{ 
   "name": "angular7-app", 
   "version": "0.0.0", 
   "scripts": { 
      "ng": "ng", 
      "start": "ng serve",
      "build": "ng build", 
      "test": "ng test", 
      "lint": "ng lint", 
      "e2e": "ng e2e" 
   }, 
   "private": true, 
   "dependencies": { 
      "@angular/animations": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/cdk": "^7.3.4", 
      "@angular/common": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/compiler": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/core": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/forms": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/material": "^7.3.4", 
      "@angular/platform-browser": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/router": "~7.2.0", 
      "core-js": "^2.5.4", 
      "rxjs": "~6.3.3", 
      "tslib": "^1.9.0", 
      "zone.js": "~0.8.26" 
   }, 
   "devDependencies": { 
      "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "~0.13.0", 
      "@angular/cli": "~7.3.2", 
      "@angular/compiler-cli": "~7.2.0", 
      "@angular/language-service": "~7.2.0", 
      "@types/node": "~8.9.4", 
      "@types/jasmine": "~2.8.8", 
      "@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.3", 
      "codelyzer": "~4.5.0", 
      "jasmine-core": "~2.99.1", 
      "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.2.1", 
      "karma": "~3.1.1", 
      "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.2.0", 
      "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "~2.0.1",
      "karma-jasmine": "~1.1.2", 
      "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2", 
      "protractor": "~5.4.0", 
      "ts-node": "~7.0.0", 
      "tslint": "~5.11.0", 
      "typescript": "~3.2.2"
   } 
}

我们突出显示了为处理材质而安装的软件包。

我们现在将导入父模块 - app.module.ts中的模块，如下所示。

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppRoutingModule , RoutingComponent} from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { NewCmpComponent } from './new-cmp/new-cmp.component';
import { ChangeTextDirective } from './change-text.directive';
import { SqrtPipe } from './app.sqrt';
import { MyserviceService } from './myservice.service';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { ScrollDispatchModule } from '@angular/cdk/scrolling';
import { DragDropModule } from '@angular/cdk/drag-drop';
import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import { MatButtonModule, MatMenuModule, MatSidenavModule } from '@angular/material';

@NgModule({
   declarations: [
      SqrtPipe,
      AppComponent,
      NewCmpComponent,
      ChangeTextDirective,
      RoutingComponent
   ],
   imports: [
      BrowserModule,
      AppRoutingModule,
      HttpClientModule,
      ScrollDispatchModule,
      DragDropModule,
      ReactiveFormsModule,
      BrowserAnimationsModule,
      MatButtonModule,
      MatMenuModule,
      MatSidenavModule
   ],
   providers: [MyserviceService],
   bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

在上面的文件中，我们从@angular/materials导入了以下模块。

import { MatButtonModule, MatMenuModule, MatSidenavModule } from '@angular/material';

导入数组中也使用了相同的内容，如下所示 -

imports: [
   BrowserModule,
   AppRoutingModule,
   HttpClientModule,
   ScrollDispatchModule,
   DragDropModule,
   ReactiveFormsModule,
   BrowserAnimationsModule,
   MatButtonModule,
   MatMenuModule,
   MatSidenavModule
],

app.component.ts 如下所示 -

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
   selector: 'app-root',
   templateUrl: './app.component.html',
   styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
   constructor() {}
}

现在让我们在styles.css中添加材质 CSS 支持。

@import "~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/indigo-pink.css";

现在让我们在 app.component.html 中添加材质

菜单

要添加菜单，请使用<mat-menu></mat-menu> 。文件和另存为项目将添加到 mat- menu下的按钮中。添加了一个主按钮Menu。通过使用[matMenuTriggerFor]="menu"并使用带有# in<mat-menu> 的菜单来给出相同的参考。

应用程序组件.html

<button mat-button [matMenuTriggerFor] = "menu">Menu</button> 
<mat-menu #menu = "matMenu"> 
   <button mat-menu-item> File </button> 
   <button mat-menu-item> Save As </button>
</mat-menu>

下图显示在浏览器中 -

单击菜单将显示其中的项目 -

侧导航

要添加 sidenav，我们需要<mat-sidenav-container></mat-sidenav-container>。<mat-sidenav></mat-sidenav>作为子项添加到容器中。添加了另一个 div，它通过使用(click)="sidenav.open()"触发 sidenav 。

应用程序组件.html

<mat-sidenav-container class="example-container" fullscreen> 
   <mat-sidenav #sidenav class = "example-sidenav"> 
      Angular 7 
   </mat-sidenav> 
   <div class = "example-sidenav-content"> 
      <button type = "button" mat-button (click) = "sidenav.open()"> 
         Open sidenav 
      </button> 
   </div> 
</mat-sidenav-container>

应用程序组件.css

.example-container { 
   width: 500px;  
   height: 300px; 
   border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); 
}
.example-sidenav { 
   padding: 20px; 
   width: 150px; 
   font-size: 20px;
   border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); 
   background-color: #ccc; 
   color:white; 
}

以下是浏览器中菜单和侧导航的显示 -

如果我们单击“Open Sidenav”，则会在左侧打开以下面板 -

日期选择器

现在让我们使用材质添加一个日期选择器。要添加日期选择器，我们需要导入显示日期选择器所需的模块。

在app.module.ts中，我们为日期选择器导入了以下模块，如下所示：

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppRoutingModule , RoutingComponent} from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { NewCmpComponent } from './new-cmp/new-cmp.component';
import { ChangeTextDirective } from './change-text.directive';
import { SqrtPipe } from './app.sqrt';
import { MyserviceService } from './myservice.service';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { ScrollDispatchModule } from '@angular/cdk/scrolling';
import { DragDropModule } from '@angular/cdk/drag-drop';
import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import { MatDatepickerModule, MatInputModule, MatNativeDateModule } from '@angular/material';

@NgModule({
   declarations: [
      SqrtPipe,
      AppComponent,
      NewCmpComponent,
      ChangeTextDirective,
      RoutingComponent
   ],
   imports: [
      BrowserModule,
      AppRoutingModule,
      HttpClientModule,
      ScrollDispatchModule,
      DragDropModule,
      ReactiveFormsModule,
      BrowserAnimationsModule,
      MatDatepickerModule,
      MatInputModule,
      MatNativeDateModule
   ],
   providers: [MyserviceService],
   bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

在这里，我们导入了 MatDatepickerModule、MatInputModule 和 MatNativeDateModule 等模块。

现在，app.component.ts 如下所示 -

import { Component } from '@angular/core'; 
@Component({ 
   selector: 'app-root', 
   templateUrl: './app.component.html', s
   tyleUrls: ['./app.component.css'] 
}) 
export class AppComponent { 
   constructor() {} 
}

app.component.html如下所示-

<mat-form-field>
   <input matInput [matDatepicker] = "picker" placeholder = "Choose a date"> 
   <mat-datepicker-toggle matSuffix [for] = "picker"></mat-datepicker-toggle>
   <mat-datepicker #picker></mat-datepicker>
</mat-form-field>

在 style.css 中添加全局 css -

/* You can add global styles to this file, and also 
import other style files */ 
@import '~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/deeppurple-amber.css';
body { 
   font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; 
   margin: 10; 
}
.basic-container { 
   padding: 30px; 
}
.version-info { 
   font-size: 8pt; 
   float: right;
}

日期选择器显示在浏览器中，如下所示 -